Congestion and crowding are terms often used interchangeably in the context of heavy visitation to tourist attractions. The two terms however point to different aspects of visitor density. Congestion relates to the physical conditions of high visitation. Crowding, on the other hand, relates to tourists’ perception of the presence of other tourists. This article looks at different drivers of perception of crowding in the Geirangerfjord world heritage site.

Surprisingly enough, the level of small particles in the air in the natural World Heritage site Geiranger Fjord was pre Covid-19 as high as in a medium range European city. The World Heritage foundation therefore started an air quality monitoring system in cooperation with the University of Bonn.

Video about air pollution in Geirangerfjord World heritage and the process to change it. Distributed by Geiranger World heritage administration.

Landuse is the primary driver of biodiversity change. The Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is conducting assessments of knowledge on biodiversity and ecosystem services and their interlinkages at the global level.

For the first time in earth’s history, humans are the main force of global environmental changes. Changes that seem to tear down nature’s resources. Researchers from all over the globe have found that three of the planetary boundaries are already in code red.